What is the difference between sp2 and sp3 chemistry

If the steric number is 4 , it is sp 3. If the steric number is 3 — sp 2. If the steric number is 2 — sp. In addition to this method, it is also very useful to remember some traits related to the structure and hybridization.

In general, an atom with all single bonds is an sp 3 hybridized. The best example is the alkanes. All the carbon atoms in an alkane are sp 3 hybridized with tetrahedral geometry. The carbons in alkenes and other atoms with a double bond are often sp 2 hybridized and have trigonal planar geometry. The triple bond , on the other hand, is characteristic for alkynes where the carbon atoms are sp -hybridized. There a few common exceptions to what we have discussed about determining the hybridization state and they are mostly related to the method where we look at the bonding type of the atom.

Overview and Key Difference 2. What is sp 3. What is sp2 4. What is sp3 5. Side by Side Comparison — sp vs sp2 vs sp3 in Tabular Form 6.

Sp hybridization is the simplest form of hybridization in which an s orbital overlaps with a p orbital to form two new sp orbitals. An electron shell contains three p orbitals. In this hybridization, one of these three p orbitals mixes with an s orbital of the same atom.

Therefore, there are two un-hybridized p orbitals remaining in these atoms. The ratio of mixing of the two atomic orbitals is s:p. So, we need four separate degenerate hybrid orbitals to make each sigma bond. Therefore, all three 2p orbitals must mix with the 2s orbital and stabilize in energy overall to get four degenerate hybrid orbitals.

I think from here, you can imply what sp hybridization means. How can you tell the difference between sp3, sp2, and sp hybridization? This is because a total of three atomic orbitals are involved in the hybridization, and the percentages of s and p characteristics vary as follows. Figure 2: sp 2 Hybridization. The spatial arrangement of sp 2 hybrid orbitals is trigonal planar. Therefore, the angle between these orbitals is o C. The atoms that undergo this hybridization have 1 un-hybridized p orbital because only two of three p orbitals are involved in this hybridization.

Here, the atoms do not have un-hybridized p orbitals because all three p orbitals are involved in hybridization. The resulting orbitals are known as sp 3 hybrid orbitals. As same as for sp 2 orbitals, we can calculate the s and p characteristics of these orbitals.