For women with epilepsy, there are also special concerns about pregnancy, because having a seizure and taking certain drugs during pregnancy may increase the risk of harm to the baby.
Women can take the following steps before and during pregnancy to lessen these risks. Most people with epilepsy live a full life. However, the risk of early death is higher for some. We know that the best possible seizure control and living safely can reduce the risk of epilepsy-related death. Sudden death due to heart rhythm changes also happens in people who do not have seizures. The risk of sudden death is larger for people with major uncontrolled seizures.
The seizure-free period ranges from a few months to over a year, depending on the state. Some states need a letter from your health provider to issue a license when a person has seizures that:. Learn state-specific information external icon about driving laws from the Epilepsy Foundation. Sometimes people with epilepsy worry that exercise or sports may worsen their seizures. In fact, regular exercise may improve seizure control. Safely playing sports can also be great for your physical, mental, and emotional well-being.
It is always important to avoid sports-related injuries that can increase the risk of seizures. Read more about safe physical activity for people with epilepsy on the Epilepsy Foundation website, Safety with Exercise and Sports external icon. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate.
Frequently Asked Questions About Epilepsy. Minus Related Pages. Epilepsy Basics. Top of Page. To receive email updates about Epilepsy, enter your email address: Email Address. What's this? These are sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain that temporarily affect how it works.
Some seizures cause the body to jerk and shake a "fit" , while others cause problems like loss of awareness or unusual sensations. They typically pass in a few seconds or minutes. Seizures can occur when you're awake or asleep.
Sometimes they can be triggered by something, such as feeling very tired. Read about what to do if someone has a seizure. These seizures are sometimes known as "warnings" or "auras" because they can be a sign that another type of seizure is about to happen. During a complex partial seizure, you lose your sense of awareness and make random body movements, such as:. You will not be able to respond to anyone else during the seizure and you will not have any memory of it.
A tonic-clonic seizure, previously known as a "grand mal", is what most people think of as a typical epileptic fit. They happen in 2 stages — an initial "tonic" stage, shortly followed by a second "clonic" stage:. The seizure normally stops after a few minutes, but some last longer. Afterwards, you may have a headache or difficulty remembering what happened and feel tired or confused.
An absence seizure, which used to be called a "petit mal", is where you lose awareness of your surroundings for a short time. They mainly affect children, but can happen at any age. The seizures usually only last up to 15 seconds and you will not be able to remember them.
Idiopathic generalized epilepsy with phantom absences interictal EEG. Brief generalized discharges of 3 Hz spike-and-slow waves lasting 2 to 3 seconds without apparent clinical manifestations. Similar abnormalities were recorded in and again in Note the similarity of the discharge with th Anatomic localization By definition, absence status epilepticus is a prolonged, generalized absence seizure.
Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of absence status epilepticus typical or atypical is unknown. Transformation from absence to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This is a rare illustration of the transformation of an absence to GTCS.
It is from a video-EEG of a year-old woman with idiopathic generalized epilepsy and absence seizures. On awakening she had numerous absence seizures with Confusing conditions Absence status epilepticus may be misdiagnosed as epileptic prodrome or prolonged confusional or psychotic state 64 ; Alving and Beniczky ; 07 ; Associated or underlying disorders.
Absence and tonic status epilepticus with repetitive discharges of unclassified generalized epilepsy. Continuous recording from video-EEG of a year-old woman with unclassified lengthy episode of nonconvulsive absence and tonic status epilepticus and GTCS from the age of 11 years.
She realized from previous experiences that sh A combination of history, EEG, ancillary testing, and physical examination findings should be used in order to subclassify the absence status epilepticus by the underlying epileptic syndrome or etiology as follows: Idiopathic typical absence status epilepticus. Absence status epilepticus of late onset in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: response to treatment.
Sample from video-EEG of a patient immediately after intravenous diazepam of 5 mg was first administered from to EEG shows relative normalization; the patient has significant improvement, but complete recovery d Table 2. Outcomes The outcome of absence status epilepticus is syndrome and cause related. References 01 Abou-Khalil B. Levetiracetam in the treatment of epilepsy.
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