Reducing expected future increases of material and energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions will require decoupling of services from the stocks and flows of materials through, for example, more intensive utilization of existing stocks, longer service lifetimes, and more efficient design.
Plastic Pollution. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Change , 6 , — , DOI: Sea-level rise and its impact on coastal zones. Global sea levels have risen through the 20th century. These rises will almost certainly accelerate through the 21st century and beyond because of global warming, but their magnitude remains uncertain. Key uncertainties include the possible role of the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets and the amplitude of regional changes in sea level.
In many areas, nonclimatic components of relative sea-level change mainly subsidence can also be locally appreciable. Although the impacts of sea-level rise are potentially large, the application and success of adaptation are large uncertainties that require more assessment and consideration.
Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water — Borrelli, Pasquale; Robinson, David A. Soil erosion is a major global soil degrdn. Wind and water are the major drivers, with water erosion over land being the focus of this work; excluding gullying and river bank erosion. Improving knowledge of the probable future rates of soil erosion, accelerated by human activity, is important both for policy makers engaged in land use decision-making and for earth-system modelers seeking to reduce uncertainty on global predictions.
Here we predict future rates of erosion by modeling change in potential global soil erosion by water using three alternative 2. Global predictions rely on a high spatial resoln. Climate projections, for all global dynamics scenarios, indicate a trend, moving toward a more vigorous hydrol. Accepting some degrees of uncertainty, our findings provide insights into how possible future socioeconomic development will affect soil erosion by water using a globally consistent approach.
This preliminary evidence seeks to inform efforts such as those of the United Nations to assess global soil erosion and inform decision makers developing national strategies for soil conservation.
The global significance of omitting soil erosion from soil organic carbon cycling schemes. Nature Publishing Group. Soil org. To demonstrate the significance of omitting soil redistribution in SOC accounting, sequestration and emissions, we modified the SOC cycling scheme RothC ref. Net SOC fluxes with and without soil erosion for Australian long-term trial sites were established and ests. Assuming that soil erosion is omitted from previous ests.
We estd. Global soil organic carbon removal by water erosion under climate change and land use change during AD — Biogeosciences , 15 , — , DOI: Copernicus Publications. Erosion is an Earth system process that transports carbon laterally across the land surface and is currently accelerated by anthropogenic activities.
Anthropogenic land cover change has accelerated soil erosion rates by rainfall and runoff substantially, mobilizing vast quantities of soil org. At timescales of decennia to millennia this mobilized SOC can significantly alter previously estd. However, a full understanding of the impact of erosion on land-atm. The aim of this study is to better constrain the terrestrial carbon fluxes by developing methods compatible with land surface models LSMs in order to explicitly represent the links between soil erosion by rainfall and runoff and carbon dynamics.
We applied this modeling framework at the global scale to evaluate the effects of potential soil erosion soil removal only in the presence of other perturbations of the carbon cycle: elevated atm.
CO2, climate variability, and LUC. Using our best ests. CO2 and LUC. This addnl. We conclude that the potential effect of soil erosion on the global SOC stock is comparable to the effects of climate or LUC. It is thus necessary to include soil erosion in assessments of LUC and evaluations of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter. Glob Change Biol. Soil Diversity Pedodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Land , 10 , , DOI: Climate-change effects on soils: accelerated weathering, soil carbon, and elemental cycling. Advances in Agronomy ; Elsevier , ; pp — Geochemical implications of gas leakage associated with geologic CO2 storage—a qualitative review.
Harvey, Omar R. A review concerning current knowledge gaps on how elevated CO2 concns. Topics discussed include: CO2 in subsurface environments CO2 partitioning into soln. Geoengineering potential of artificially enhanced silicate weathering of olivine Proc.
The potential is studied of a specific geoengineering technique, carbon sequestration by artificially enhanced silicate weathering via the dissoln. This approach would not only operate against rising temps. If important details of the marine chem. The authors calc. In calcns. Open-water dissoln. Lastly calcn. An index-based framework for assessing patterns and trends in river fragmentation and flow regulation by global dams at multiple scales. Nasser lake. Local flow regulation and irrigation raise global human water consumption and footprint.
Flow regulation and irrigation alter local freshwater conditions, but their global effects are highly uncertain. We investigated these global effects from to , using hydroclimatic observations in large hydrol. Globally, we find consistent and dominant effects of increasing relative evapotranspiration from both activities, and decreasing temporal runoff variability from flow regulation. The evapotranspiration effect increases the long-term av.
This increase raises a recent est. The results highlight the global impact of local water-use activities and call for their relevant account in Earth system modeling. Legacy sediment: Definitions and processes of episodically produced anthropogenic sediment. Anthropocene , 2 , 16 — 26 , DOI: Global synthesis of the classifications, distributions, benefits and issues of terracing.
The influence of microtopography on soil nutrients in created mitigation wetlands. Global land transport infrastructure requirements: estimating road and railway infrastructure capacity and costs to ; International Energy Agency : Paris, France , A global map of roadless areas and their conservation status. Ibisch, Pierre L. Roads fragment landscapes and trigger human colonization and degrdn. The planet's remaining large and ecol.
Applying a 1-km buffer to all roads, we present a global map of roadless areas and an assessment of their status, quality, and extent of coverage by protected areas.
Global protection of ecol. International recognition and protection of roadless areas is urgently needed to halt their continued loss. A global-scale data set of mining areas. Data , 7 , , DOI: Scientific data , 7 1 , ISSN:. The area used for mineral extraction is a key indicator for understanding and mitigating the environmental impacts caused by the extractive sector.
To date, worldwide data products on mineral extraction do not report the area used by mining activities. In this paper, we contribute to filling this gap by presenting a new data set of mining extents derived by visual interpretation of satellite images.
We delineated mining areas within a 10 km buffer from the approximate geographical coordinates of more than six thousand active mining sites across the globe. The result is a global-scale data set consisting of 21, polygons that add up to 57, km 2. The polygons cover all mining above-ground features that could be identified from the satellite images, including open cuts, tailings dams, waste rock dumps, water ponds, and processing infrastructure. Reducing the global environmental impacts of rapid infrastructure expansion.
Laurance, William F. Cell Press. Infrastructures, such as roads, mines, and hydroelec. Often, this has serious direct and indirect environmental impacts. We highlight nine issues that should be considered by project proponents to better evaluate and limit the environmental risks of such developments.
Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year , Global Biogeochem. Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Global patterns in human consumption of net primary production. Imhoff, Marc L. The human population and its consumption profoundly affect the Earth's ecosystems. A particularly compelling measure of humanity's cumulative impact is the fraction of the planet's net primary prodn. Net primary prodn. Human appropriation of net primary prodn.
Here we present a global map showing the amt. We then derive a spatial balance sheet of net primary prodn. We show that human appropriation of net primary prodn. These analyses reveal the uneven footprint of human consumption and related environmental impacts, indicate the degree to which human populations depend on net primary prodn.
Nature , , 51 — 57 , DOI: Barnosky, Anthony D. Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than three-quarters of its species in a geol. Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known species losses over the past few centuries and millennia. Here we review how differences between fossil and modern data and the addn. Our results confirm that current extinction rates are higher than would be expected from the fossil record, highlighting the need for effective conservation measures.
Consistent responses of soil microbial communities to elevated nutrient inputs in grasslands across the globe. Leff, Jonathan W. Stanley; Hobbie, Sarah E. Soil microorganisms are crit. However, despite global increases in the inputs of nitrogen N and phosphorus P to ecosystems due to human activities, we lack a predictive understanding of how microbial communities respond to elevated nutrient inputs across environmental gradients.
Here we used high-throughput sequencing of marker genes to elucidate the responses of soil fungal, archaeal, and bacterial communities using an N and P addn. We also sequenced metagenomes from a subset of the sites to det. Despite strong compositional differences across sites, microbial communities shifted in a consistent manner with N or P addns.
Mycorrhizal fungi and methanogenic archaea decreased in relative abundance with nutrient addns. The metagenomic data provided addnl.
Our results suggest that elevated N and P inputs lead to predictable shifts in the taxonomic and functional traits of soil microbial communities, including increases in the relative abundances of faster-growing, copiotrophic bacterial taxa, with these shifts likely to impact belowground ecosystems worldwide.
Human-induced greening of the northern extratropical land surface. Change , 8 , — , DOI: Global ecosystem function is highly dependent on climate and atmospheric composition, yet ecosystem responses to environmental changes remain uncertain. Cold, high-latitude ecosystems in particular have experienced rapid warming 1 , with poorly understood consequences Here, we use a satellite observed proxy for vegetation cover - the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation 5 - to identify a decline in the temperature limitation of vegetation in global ecosystems between and We quantify the spatial functional response of maximum annual vegetation cover to temperature and show that the observed temporal decline in temperature limitation is consistent with expectations based on observed recent warming.
An ensemble of Earth system models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CMIP5 mischaracterized the functional response to temperature, leading to a large overestimation of vegetation cover in cold regions. We identify a This rapid observed and expected decline in temperature limitation highlights the need for an improved understanding of other limitations to vegetation growth in cold regions 3,4,6 , such as soil characteristics, species migration, recruitment, establishment, competition, and community dynamics.
Countries and the global rate of soil erosion. Sustain , 3 , 51 — 55 , DOI: Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global change and food security. The rate of soil org. Strategies to increase the soil carbon pool include soil restoration and woodland regeneration, no-till farming, cover crops, nutrient management, manuring and sludge application, improved grazing, water conservation and harvesting, efficient irrigation, agroforestry practices, and growing energy crops on spare lands.
As well as enhancing food security, carbon sequestration has the potential to offset fossil-fuel emissions by 0. Global pattern of soil carbon losses due to the conversion of forests to agricultural land. Anthropogenic sediment retention: major global impact from registered river impoundments. Hyper accumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil: a review of studies in China and abroad.
Acta Ecologica Sinica , 21 , — Google Scholar There is no corresponding record for this reference. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Global change biology , 24 4 , ISSN:. Their potential impacts in terrestrial ecosystems remain largely unexplored despite numerous reported effects on marine organisms. Most plastics arriving in the oceans were produced, used, and often disposed on land.
This currently comprises land take , imperviousness, management of contaminated sites and land fragmentation and includes indicators derived from climate change work including soil organic matter , soil erosion and soil moisture. EU policy that is relevant to land and soil is fragmented and existing provisions in environmental, agricultural or regional policies are neither coordinated nor comprehensive.
The Soil Thematic Strategy is a guiding document, which explains why further action is needed to ensure a high level of protection of soil functions and the sustainable use of soils.
However, a Soil Framework Directive, proposed in , was withdrawn last year. The European Commission plans to study existing EU and national policies that are relevant to soil, their effectiveness and coherence, and any gaps there might be. This is in response to the 7 th Environment Action Programme , in which the EU commits to use and manage land sustainably and protect soil, and find ways to best achieve this based on proportionality and subsidiarity principles.
With the current wording, land and soil are included in several targets. However, reversing the trend of losing land and soil resources globally depends on the implementation of the SDGs at national and sub-national level.
Interview published in the issue no. Software updated on 09 November from version Code for developers. Systems Status. Legal notice. Creative commons license. CMS login. Toggle navigation Skip to content. Advanced search A-Z Glossary. Error Cookies are not enabled. You must enable cookies before you can log in. Login Name. Forgot your password? You are here: Articles Land and soil losing ground Article Land and soil losing ground to human activities PDF.
Change language. This website has limited functionality with javascript off. Please make sure javascript is enabled in your browser. Soil on spoil heaps has to deal with new mineral formations, which influence soil genesis. Garden soil in the backyard is treated to grow vegetables, grass or flowers. A quick look around us reveals that many soils have become modified or shaped, or are even man-made.
Source: youtube. Soils formed by human activity are given a variety of names: Anthrosol, Technosol, Terra preta or Anthropic Soil. Soil taxonomy often distinguishes human-modified soils and places them in their own category, different from natural soils. Most human-modified soils have been transformed and manipulated, altered or heavily damaged to such a degree that they bear little resemblance to their ancestors. Understanding how human-modified soils interact with the broader environment has, therefore, become an important new task for present-day soil and environmental scientists.
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